Allaah’s Messenger(Sallallahu alayhi wasSallam) performed Iti’kaf in the last ten days of the month of Ramazaan.
Sahih Al-Bukhari 2025 (Vol. 3, Book 33, Hadith 242)
The basic principle is that Itikaf is Nawafil (Optional), not obligatory, unless one made a vow(promise) to do it, in which case it becomes obligatory, ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “O Messenger of Allaah, during the (Pre-Islamic) Jaahiliyyah I vowed to observe Iti’kaf for one night in al-Masjid al-Haraam.” He said: “Fulfil your vow.”
Sahih Al-Bukhari 2042 (Vol. 3, Book 33, Hadith 258)
Iti’kaf of both men and women
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And do not have sexual relations with them (your wives) while you are in Iti’kaf (i.e. confining oneself in a mosque for prayers and invocations leaving the worldly activities) in the mosques”
Qur’an Surah Baqarah 2:187
Aisha(may Allaah be pleased with her) who said that the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wasSallam) used to observe Iti’kaf during the last ten days of Ramazaan until Allaah took his soul, then his wives observed Iti’kaf after he was gone.
Sahih al-Bukhari, 2026; Muslim, 1172
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